|
|
|
1 year adjustable (ARM) |
A loan with a fixed rate for
the first 1 year that has a
rate that changes once each
year for the remaining life
of the loan. Because the
interest rate can change
after the first 1 year, the
monthly payment may also
change. |
|
10 year adjustable (ARM) |
A loan with a fixed rate for
the first 10 years that has
a rate that changes once
each year for the remaining
life of the loan. Because
the interest rate can change
after the first 10 years,
the monthly payment may also
change. |
|
2 year adjustable (ARM) |
A loan with a fixed rate for
the first 2 years that has a
rate that changes once each
year for the remaining life
of the loan. Because the
interest rate can change
after the first 2 years, the
monthly payment may also
change. |
|
3 year adjustable (ARM) |
A loan with a fixed rate for
the first 3 years that has a
rate that changes once each
year for the remaining life
of the loan. Because the
interest rate can change
after the first 3 years, the
monthly payment may also
change. |
|
5 year adjustable (ARM) |
A loan with a fixed rate for
the first 5 years that has a
rate that changes once each
year for the remaining life
of the loan. Because the
interest rate can change
after the first 5 years, the
monthly payment may also
change. |
|
7 year adjustable (ARM) |
A loan with a fixed rate for
the first 7 years that has a
rate that changes once each
year for the remaining life
of the loan. Because the
interest rate can change
after the first 7 years, the
monthly payment may also
change. |
|
5-Year Balloon Mortgage |
The payment is calculated
over a stated term and the
balance must be repaid or
refinanced at the end of the
5th year. |
|
7-Year Balloon Mortgage |
The payment is calculated
over a stated term and the
balance must be repaid or
refinanced at the end of the
7th year. |
|
10 year fixed |
A loan with the same
interest rate and payment
over the entire 10 year life
of the loan. As one of the
shorter loan terms
available, 10 year fixed
loans offer lower lifetime
interest payments than
similar loans with longer
terms, but you also have a
higher monthly payment.
|
|
15 year fixed |
You generally pay a lower
interest rate with a 15 year
loan. You will pay less
interest and build equity
quickly. |
|
20 year fixed |
The 20 year fixed loan is a
good way to have fixed
payments and shorten the
term of your loan. You will
build equity faster, pay
less interest, and own your
home sooner. Your monthly
payments will be higher
since the term is shorter.
|
|
25 year fixed |
A loan with the same
interest rate and payment
over the entire 25 year life
of the loan. As one of the
longer loan terms available,
25 year fixed loans offer
lower payments, but you will
pay more in interest over
the life of this loan than a
similar loan with a shorter
term. |
|
30 year fixed |
The 30 year fixed is one of
the most popular loans. Many
people like the fixed
interest rate and lower
monthly payments. But since
the term of the loan is
long, you will pay more
interest over the life of
the loan. |
|
40 year fixed |
A loan with the same
interest rate and payment
over the entire 40 year life
of the loan. As one of the
longer loan terms available,
40 year fixed loans offer
lower payments, but you will
pay more in interest over
the life of this loan than a
similar loan with a shorter
term. |
|
Abstract (of Title) |
A summary of the public
records relating to the
title to a particular piece
of land. If there are any
title defects they must be
cleared before a buyer can
purchase clear, marketable,
and insurable title.
|
|
Acceleration Clause |
Allows the lender to speed
up the rate at which your
loan comes due or even to
demand immediate payment of
the entire balance of the
loan should you default on
you loan. |
|
Accrued Interest |
Interest that has
accumulated from one
payment-due date to the
next. Also, the total amount
of interest paid on a loan
over time |
|
Acquisition Fee |
A fee charged by a dealer to
begin a lease. Also known as
a bank fee if the lessor is
a bank, or an initiation
fee. Acquisition fees start
at about $300 and are seldom
negotiable. |
|
Adjustable Rate Mortgage
(ARM) |
A mortgage in which the
interest rate is adjusted
periodically based on an
index. Also known as the
renegotiable rate mortgage,
the variable rate mortgage
or the Canadian rollover
mortgage. |
|
Adjustment Interval |
On an adjustable rate
mortgage, the time between
changes in the interest rate
and/or monthly payment,
usually one, three or five
years. |
|
Affiliate |
An entity related to a
Seller that is subject to
common operating control and
that is operated as part of
the same system or
enterprise. The Seller
typically owns less than a
majority of the voting stock
or the Seller and the entity
are subsidiaries of a third
party. |
|
Affordable Gold 5 |
Mortgage with less than or
equal to 95 percent LTV,
when at least 5 percent of
the down payment comes from
the borrower's personal
cash. |
|
Affordable Gold 97 |
Mortgage with greater than
95 percent loan-to-value
(LTV) ratio but less than or
equal to 97 percent LTV,
when at least 3 percent of
the down payment comes from
the borrower's personal
cash. |
|
Affordable Product Type |
Choice of loan determined
under the Affordable Gold
program. Indicates whether
to submit the loan under the
Affordable Gold program and,
if so, which type of
program. |
|
Affordable Seconds |
Subsidized secondary
financing or other financial
assistance provided under an
established, documented
secondary financing or
financial assistance program
that has formal procedures
in place to provide
applicant qualification,
loan processing, and loan
program administration on an
ongoing basis. |
|
Agreement of Sale |
Known by various names, such
as contract of purchase,
purchase agreement, or sales
agreement according to
location or jurisdiction. A
contract in which a seller
agrees to sell and a buyer
agrees to buy, under
specific terms spelled out
in writing and signed by
both parties. |
|
Amortization |
The gradual reduction of a
debt by periodic payments of
interest and principal that
are large enough to pay off
a loan at maturity. The loan
is repaid through regular,
monthly payments of
principal and interest paid
for a predetermined amount
of time. |
|
Amount Financed |
The part of a vehicle's cost
that a lender supplies. To
determine the amount
financed, multiply the
purchase price by the
interest rate; subtract that
amount from the purchase
price; add state purchase
tax to that remainder; then
subtract the down payment.
Put differently, AF =
purchase price - (purchase
price X interest rate) + tax
- down payment. |
|
Annual Fee |
A credit card issuer may
charge you a fee each year
for your account.
|
|
Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
|
The annual cost of a loan to
a borrower. Like an interest
rate, the APR is expressed
as a percentage of the loan
amount. Unlike an interest
rate, however, it includes
other charges or fees to
reflect the total cost of
the loan. The Federal Truth
in Lending Act requires that
every consumer loan
agreement disclose the APR
in large, bold print. Since
all lenders must follow the
same rules to ensure the
accuracy of the APR,
borrowers can use the APR as
a good basis for comparing
the cost of loans.
|
|
Application |
A written statement of
personal and financial
information that is required
to approve a loan. Note that
application fees are usually
required for home loans but
not for auto loans.
|
|
Appraisal |
A written analysis of the
estimated value of a
property, as prepared by a
qualified appraiser. A fee
is typically charged for a
real estate appraisal
because a home appraisal is
time-consuming. An appraisal
of an auto is usually not
necessary because auto
dealers, sellers and buyers
all have quick access to the
market value of autos.
|
|
Appraisal Fee |
The charge for estimating
the value of property.
|
|
Appraiser Network |
Group of licensed/certified
individuals or entities
contracted to perform
property value assessments.
|
|
Assessment Fees |
In condominium living,
additional fees charged to
unit owners to pay for any
maintenance and repair that
exceeds the budget of
monthly condo fees. These
fees are determined by the
condominium association and
can be levied at any time.
|
|
Assessment Report |
Report that appraisers use
to record property values,
marketability analyses and
any pertinent comments
regarding the subject
property. Assessment reports
are classified as appraisal
reports or inspection
reports. |
|
Assessment Upgrade |
Approved recommendation from
an appraiser that you must
use a more comprehensive
type of assessment. An
example of an upgrade
recommendation includes any
adverse/atypical findings or
other atypical property or
neighborhood condition
observed by the appraiser.
You must also upgrade an
assessment when its value
does not support the loan
transaction; the appraiser
is unable to view the
subject property from the
public street; the
assessment is "subject to"
completion; or repair or
property rights are
leasehold. |
|
Asset |
Anything that has monetary
or exchange value that is
owned by an individual,
business or institution.
Assets include real estate
property, personal property,
vehicles and enforceable
claims against others
(including bank accounts,
stocks, mutual funds, and so
on). A lender is very
interested in the amount and
value of any assets you may
have because assets can be
used as collateral against a
loan. Along with other
factors such a borrower's
credit rating, assets are
also used to help determine
the amount of the loan.
|
|
Assumable Mortgage |
An assumable mortgage is a
mortgage that allows you to
take over a mortgage on a
home you are buying or
allows a buyer to take over
your mortgage if you are
selling your house. The
advantage of this is that
you assume a mortgage that
has a lower interest rate
than current rates, and you
avoid high closing costs.
|
|
Assumption |
The agreement between buyer
and seller where the buyer
takes over the payments on
an existing mortgage from
the seller. Assuming a loan
can usually save the buyer
money since this is an
existing mortgage debt.
|
|
Automated Underwriting |
Automated underwriting is
used to offer instant
decisioning regarding your
loan request. Automated
underwriting is similar to
instant offer service. You
are usually required to
provide additional
information to the lender to
close your loan.
|
|
|
|
|
Balloon (Payment) Mortgage |
Usually a short-term
fixed-rate loan which
involves small payments for
a certain period of time and
one large payment for the
remaining amount of the
principal at a specific
time. |
|
Bank Draft |
A payment method where your
loan payment is
automatically deducted from
your checking or savings
account, so you don't have
to mail in your payment each
month. |
|
Bankruptcy |
A payment method where your
loan payment is
automatically deducted from
your checking or savings
account, so you don't have
to mail in your payment each
month. |
|
Beneficiary |
A person, persons, or
organization designated to
receive the benefits from a
life insurance policy,
trust, estate, or pension
upon the death of the
insured, testator, or
pensioner. |
|
Billing Error |
Any mistake in your monthly
statement as defined by the
Fair Credit Billing Act.
|
|
Binder or "Offer to
Purchase" |
A preliminary agreement,
secured by the payment of
earnest money, between a
buyer and seller as an offer
to purchase real estate. A
binder secures the right to
purchase real estate upon
agreed terms for a limited
period of time. If the buyer
changes his mind or is
unable to purchase, the
earnest money is forfeited
unless the binder expressly
provides that it is to be
refunded. |
|
Borrower |
One who receives funds in
the form of a loan with the
obligation of repaying the
loan in full with interest
|
|
Broker |
An individual in the
business of assisting in
arranging funding or
negotiating contracts for a
client but who does not loan
the money himself.
|
|
Building Line or Setback |
Distances from the ends
and/or sides of the lot
beyond which construction
may not extend. The building
line may be set by a filed
plat of subdivision, by
restrictive covenants in
deeds or leases, by building
codes, or by zoning
ordinances. |
|
Business Days |
Always contact your
institution to find out what
days it counts as business
days under the Truth in
Lending and Electronic Fund
Transfer Acts. |
|
Buydown |
When the lender and/or the
home builder subsidizes the
mortgage by lowering the
interest rate during the
first few years of the loan.
While the payments are
initially low, they will
increase when the subsidy
expires. |
|
|
|
|
Caps (Interest) |
Consumer safeguards which
limit the amount the
interest rate on an
adjustable rate mortgage may
change per year and/or the
life of the loan.
|
|
Caps (Payment) |
Consumer safeguards which
limit the amount monthly
payments on an adjustable
rate mortgage may change.
|
|
Cash Flow |
A measure that compares your
income and your expenses.
When more cash comes in than
goes out, you have a
positive cash flow. Negative
cash flow occurs when more
cash goes out than comes in.
Your ability to qualify or
be approved for a loan is
determined in part by your
cash flow situation.
|
|
Cash-out Refinance |
Refinancing transaction in
which the money the borrower
receives from the new loan
exceeds the total amount he
uses to repay the existing
first mortgage, closing
costs, points; and satisfy
any outstanding subordinate
mortgage liens. In other
words, a refinance
transaction in which the
borrower receives additional
cash he can use for any
purpose. |
|
Cash Value |
The accumulated savings
component of a life
insurance policy, which is
available to the holder for
a loan. The policy holder
will receive payment in this
amount if the policy is
cancelled or lapses before
the policy matures or the
insured person dies. Also
known as the cash surrender
value. |
|
CD indexed |
These ARMs are indexed to
Certificate of Deposits
(CDs). Adjustments occur
every six months, with a per
adjustment cap of 1 percent
and a lifetime cap of 6
percent. |
|
Certificate of Title |
A certificate issued by a
title company or a written
opinion by an attorney that
the seller has good
marketable and insurable
title to the property which
he is offering for sale. A
certificate of title offers
no protection against any
hidden defects in the title
which an examination of the
records could not reveal.
The issuer of a certificate
of title is liable only for
damages due to negligence.
|
|
Closing |
The meeting between the
buyer, seller and lender
where the property and funds
legally change hands. Also
called settlement. |
|
Closing Costs |
Includes a loan origination
fee, points, appraisal fee,
title search and insurance,
survey, taxes, deed
recording fee, credit report
charge and other costs
assessed at settlement. The
closing costs usually are
about 2 percent to 6 percent
of the mortgage amount.
|
|
Closing Day |
The day on which the
formalities of a real estate
sale are finished. The
certificate of title,
abstract, and deed are
generally prepared for the
closing by an attorney and
this cost charged to the
buyer. The buyer signs the
mortgage, and closing costs
are paid. The final closing
merely reiterates the
original agreement reached
in the agreement of sale.
|
|
Cloud (On Title)
|
An outstanding claim which
negatively affects the
marketability of title.
|
|
Collateral |
Property offered to support
a loan that can be seized if
you default. |
|
Collateral Insurance
|
Insurance which covers
damage to your vehicle that
results from a collision
with another vehicle or
object. Different than
comprehensive insurance.
|
|
Commission |
The fee charged by or paid
to a broker, agent or auto
sales rep for negotiating a
real estate, car sale or
loan transaction. A
commission is generally a
percentage of the sales
price. |
|
commitment |
A report prepared by a real
estate agent that determines
a house's market value. The
agent compares the house's
attributes to similar
properties in the area that
have recently sold or are
still on the market. The CMA
is often used to establish
the listing price.
|
|
Competitive Market Analysis
(CMA) |
An agreement, often in
writing, between a lender
and a borrower to loan money
at a future date subject to
the stated conditions.
|
|
Compounded Interest
|
Interest is computed on the
principal balance of a
mortgage plus accrued
interest. |
|
Condemnation |
A determination by a
governmental agency that a
particular building is
unsafe or unfit for use.
|
|
Condominium |
Individual ownership of a
unit and an individual
interest in the common areas
and facilities which serve
the project. |
|
Condominium Association
|
An association of unit
owners in a condominium
building. The association
elects a board of directors,
which handles the
maintenance and repair of
common areas, disputes among
unit owners, and enforcement
of rules and regulations,
and condominium fees.
|
|
Condominium Fees
|
Also called maintenance
fees, the monthly fees paid
by all condominium owners.
The condominium fees go
toward the maintenance and
repair of common areas in
the building, as well as
salaries for groundskeepers,
repairmen and security
guards. The condominium fees
are set and managed by the
condominium association, and
are typically determined
based on the size of your
unit. |
|
Conduit |
Secondary market entity that
purchases loans from
originators. Conduits
provide expertise to
evaluate, price, purchase,
and service nonconforming
loans. |
|
Conforming Loan |
Any loan that meets the
criteria and limits set
forth by the largest buyers
of loans, Fannie Mae or
Freddie Mac. |
|
Construction Loan
|
A short term interim loan
for financing the cost of
construction. The lender
advances funds to the
builder as the work
progresses. |
|
Consumer Reporting Agency
|
An organization, commonly
referred to as a credit
bureau, that prepares credit
reports which are used by
lenders to determine a
potential borrower's credit
history. The agency obtains
data for these reports from
a credit repository and from
other sources. |
|
Contractor |
A person who contracts to
erect buildings. There are
also contractors for each
phase of construction:
heating, electrical,
plumbing, air conditioning,
road building and others.
|
|
Conventional Loan
|
A mortgage not insured by
FHA or guarantee by the VA
or Farmers Home
Administration (FmHA).
|
|
Conventional Mortgage
|
Any mortgage which is not
insured or guaranteed by a
government agency such as
HUD/FHA, VA, or the Farmers
Home Administration.
|
|
Conversion Option
|
A conversion option allows
you to convert an ARM to a
fixed rate mortgage. You
will likely pay a higher
rate or more points to have
this option. |
|
Cooperative Housing
|
An apartment building or a
group of dwellings owned by
a corporation, the
stockholders of which are
the residents of the
dwellings. It is operated
for their benefit by their
elected board of directors.
In a cooperative, the
corporation or association
owns title to the real
estate. A resident purchases
stock in the corporation
which entitles him to occupy
a unit in the building or
property owned by the
cooperative. While the
resident does not own his
unit, he has an absolute
right to occupy his unit for
as long as he owns the
stock. |
|
Correspondent |
An entity that typically
sells the Mortgages it
originates to other lenders.
The Correspondent performs
some or all of the loan
processing functions such as
taking the loan application,
ordering credit reports,
appraisals, title reports,
and verifying the borrower's
income and employment. The
Correspondent may or may not
have delegated underwriting
and typically funds the
loans at settlement. The
Mortgage is closed in the
Correspondent's name and the
Correspondent may or may not
service the Mortgage. The
Correspondent could
commission a Mortgage Broker
to perform some of the
processing functions.
|
|
Cosigner |
Another person who signs
your loan and assumes equal
responsibility for it.
|
|
Cost of Funds |
These ARMs are indexed to
the actual costs of what
banks pay to borrow money.
Rates can adjust every
month, six months, or every
year. |
|
Covenants, Conditions and
Restrictions (CC&Rs)
|
A set of rules and
regulations governing a
condominium building. The
CC&Rs can include
restrictions on things such
as noise levels, pet
ownership and renovations.
These rules are enforced by
the condominium association.
|
|
Credit |
The right granted by a
creditor to pay in the
future in order to buy or
borrow in the present; also,
a sum of money owed to a
person or business.
|
|
Credit Bureau |
An agency that keeps your
credit record. |
|
Credit History |
The record of how you've
borrowed and repaid debts.
|
|
Credit Ratio |
The ratio, expressed as a
percentage, which results
when a borrower's monthly
payment obligation on
long-term debts is divided
by his or her net income
(FHA/VA loans) or gross
monthly income (Conventional
loans). |
|
Credit Report |
Report of an individual's
credit history that a credit
reporting company (CRC) or
credit repository prepares
that you use to determine a
borrower's creditworthiness.
|
|
Credit Reporting Company
|
Company that collects
information received from
more than one credit
repository, merges all the
information, and reports it
in one form; merged credit
reports. |
|
Credit Repository
|
Company that collects
information on an
individual's credit history
and reports it in one form,
the in-file credit report.
|
|
Credit Scoring System
|
Statistical system used to
rate credit applicants
according to various
characteristics relevant to
creditworthiness.
|
|
Credit Warranty |
Guarantee or promise by the
seller of the loan relating
to the creditworthiness of
the borrower(s). The seller
warrants that the borrower
has the willingness to repay
and there is evidence of an
acceptable credit
reputation. |
|
Creditor |
A person or business from
whom you borrow or to whom
you owe money. |
|
Credit-related Insurance
|
Health, life, or accident
insurance designed to pay
the outstanding balance of
debt. |
|
Creditworthiness
|
Past and future ability to
repay debts. |
|
Current Index Value
|
Your current index value is
the index that is used to
figure your interest
adjustment on ARMs.
|
|
|
|
|
De Minimus Self-employed
Borrower |
Borrower who earns less than
5 percent of total stable
monthly income from
self-employed business
income. |
|
Death Benefit |
The amount of money the
beneficiary is paid under an
insurance policy when the
insured person dies, less
any outstanding loans
against the policy. Also
called the principal sum or
survivor benefit.
|
|
Debt |
An amount of money owed by
one person, company,
organization or other entity
to another. |
|
Deductible |
The amount of a claim you
pay out-of-pocket before the
insurance company assumes
the expenses. The deductible
is typically a fixed dollar
amount (e.g. $250).
|
|
Deed |
A formal written instrument
by which title to real
property is transferred from
one owner to another. The
deed should contain an
accurate description of the
property being conveyed,
should be signed and
witnessed according to the
laws of the State where the
property is located, and
should be delivered to the
purchaser at closing day.
There are two parties to a
deed: the grantor and the
grantee. (See also deed of
trust. |
|
Deed of Trust |
In many states, this
document is used in place of
a mortgage to secure the
payment of a note.
|
|
Default |
Failure to repay a loan or
otherwise meet the terms of
your credit agreement.
|
|
Deferred Interest
|
Occurs when your monthly
payments are not large
enough to pay all the
interest due on the loan.
This unpaid interest is
added to the unpaid balance
of the loan. The danger of
deferring your interest is
that the buyer ends up owing
more than the original
amount of the loan. Also
called Negative
Amortization. |
|
Delinquency |
Failure to make payments on
time. This can lead to
foreclosure. |
|
Department of Veterans
Affairs (VA) |
An independent agency of the
federal government which
guarantees long-term, low-
or no-down payment mortgages
to eligible veterans.
|
|
Depreciation (VA)
|
Decline in value of a house
due to wear and tear,
adverse changes in the
neighborhood, or any other
reason. |
|
Disclosures (VA)
|
Information that must be
given to consumers about
their financial dealings.
|
|
Discount Points (VA)
|
Additional points you can
pay a lender to lower the
interest rate on your loan
at closing. Each point is
equal to 1 percent of the
loan amount (e.g. two points
on a $100,000 mortgage would
cost $2,000). Also referred
to as Points. |
|
Documentary Stamps (VA)
|
A State tax, in the forms of
stamps, required on deeds
and mortgages when real
estate title passes from one
owner to another. The amount
of stamps required varies
with each State.
|
|
Documentation (VA)
|
A list of documents you will
be required to provide when
submitting a loan
application. The required
documents range from w2's to
a signed sales contract.
|
|
Documentation Class (VA)
|
Category determined by Loan
Prospector to indicate the
minimum level of
documentation you must
obtain to underwrite the
loan. The three possible
classes are: Accept Plus,
Accept and Caution.
|
|
Down Payment (VA)
|
The difference between the
loan amount and the purchase
price, usually paid
immediately upon purchase
with cash or a trade-in
|
|
Down Payment and Fees (VA)
|
Money paid to make up the
difference between the
purchase price and mortgage
amount plus the closing cost
fees to close the loan.
|
|
Due-On-Sale Clause (VA)
|
A provision in a mortgage or
deed of trust that allows
the lender to demand
immediate payment of the
balance of the mortgage if
the mortgage holder sells
the home. |
|
Down Payment (VA)
|
The difference between the
loan amount and the purchase
price, usually paid
immediately upon purchase
with cash or a trade-in
|
|
Down Payment and Fees (VA)
|
Money paid to make up the
difference between the
purchase price and mortgage
amount plus the closing cost
fees to close the loan.
|
|
Due-On-Sale Clause (VA)
|
A provision in a mortgage or
deed of trust that allows
the lender to demand
immediate payment of the
balance of the mortgage if
the mortgage holder sells
the home. |
|
Duplex (VA) |
A dwelling divided into two
separate living units,
either side-by-side with a
common wall or one above the
other. |
|
Earnest Money |
Money given by a buyer to a
seller as part of the
purchase price to bind a
transaction or assure
payment. |
|
Easement Rights |
A right-of-way granted to a
person or company
authorizing access to or
over the owner's land. An
electric company obtaining a
right-of-way across private
property is a common
example. |
|
Elderly Applicant
|
As defined in the Equal
Credit Opportunity Act, a
person 62 or older.
|
|
Electronic Fund Transfer
(EFT) Systems |
A variety of systems and
technologies for
transferring funds
electronically rather than
by check. |
|
Electronic Payment
|
A variety of systems and
technologies for
transferring funds
electronically rather than
by check. |
|
Encroachment |
An obstruction, building, or
part of a building that
intrudes beyond a legal
boundary onto neighboring
private or public land, or a
building extending beyond
the building line.
|
|
Encumbrance |
A legal right or interest in
land that affects a good or
clear title, and diminishes
the land's value. It can
take numerous forms, such as
zoning ordinances, easement
rights, claims, mortgages,
liens, charges, a pending
legal action, unpaid taxes,
or restrictive covenants. An
encumbrance does not legally
prevent transfer of the
property to another. A title
search is all that is
usually done to reveal the
existence of such
encumbrances, and it is up
to the buyer to determine
whether he wants to purchase
with the encumbrance, or
what can be done to remove
it. |
|
Equal Credit Opportunity Act
(ECOA) |
Is a federal law that
requires lenders and other
creditors to make credit
equally available without
discrimination based on
race, color, religion,
national origin, age, sex,
marital status or receipt of
income from public
assistance programs.
|
|
Equity |
The difference between the
fair market value and
current indebtedness, also
referred to as the owner's
interest. |
|
Equity and Fees |
The difference between the
Fair Market Value and
current indebtedness, plus
the Closing Cost Fees to
close the loan. |
|
Escrow |
Refers to a neutral third
party who carries out the
instructions of both the
buyer and seller to handle
all the paperwork of
settlement or "closing."
Escrow may also refer to an
account held by the lender
into which the homebuyer
pays money for tax or
insurance payments.
|
|
Electronic Payment
|
A time saving payment method
where your loan payment is
automatically deducted from
your checking or savings
account. You may be able to
get a lower interest rate
and you don't have to mail
in your payment each month.
You may also be able to
choose your payment date.
|
|
Fannie Mae |
A tax-paying corporation
created by Congress that
purchases and sells
conventional residential
mortgages as well as those
insured by FHA or guaranteed
by VA. This institution,
which provides funds for one
in seven mortgages, makes
mortgage money more
available and more
affordable. Also Referred to
as Federal National Mortgage
Association. |
|
Farmers Home Administration
(FmHA) |
Provides financing to
farmers and other qualified
borrowers who are unable to
obtain loans elsewhere.
|
|
Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation (FHLMC)
|
Also called Freddie Mac, is
a quasi-governmental agency
that purchases conventional
mortgages from insured
depository institutions and
HUD-approved mortgage
bankers. |
|
Federal Housing
Administration (FHA)
|
A division of the Department
of Housing and Urban
Development. Its main
activity is the insuring of
residential mortgage loans
made by private lenders. FHA
also sets standard for
underwriting mortgages.
|
|
Federal National Mortgage
Association (FNMA)
|
Also known as Fannie Mae. A
tax-paying corporation
created by Congress that
purchases and sells
conventional residential
mortgages as well as those
insured by FHA or guaranteed
by VA. This institution,
which provides funds for one
in seven mortgages, makes
mortgage money more
available and more
affordable. |
|
FHA Loan |
A loan insured by the
Federal Housing
Administration open to all
qualified home purchasers.
While there are limits to
the size of FHA loans, they
are generous enough to
handle moderate-priced homes
almost anywhere in the
country. |
|
FHA Mortgage Insurance
|
Requires a small fee (up to
3 percent of the loan
amount) paid at closing or a
portion of this fee added to
each monthly payment of an
FHA loan to insure the loan
with FHA. On a 9.5 percent
$75,000 30-year fixed-rate
FHA loan, this fee would
amount t o either $2,250 at
closing or an extra $31 a
month for the life of the
loan. In addition, FHA
mortgage insurance requires
an annual fee of 0.5 percent
of the current loan amount,
the more years the fee must
be paid. |
|
Finance Charge |
The total dollar amount
credit will cost.
|
|
Finance Contract
|
A legal document specifying
the terms of a loan.
|
|
Financing Concessions
|
Funds originating from an
interested party to the
transaction used to reduce
the mortgage interest rate,
subsidize the borrower's
monthly payment, contribute
to the financing charges
(such as discount points,
loan fees, commitment and/or
origination fees), and pay
borrower expenses (such as
application fees, homeowner
association fees, appraisal
fees, transfer taxes, tax
stamps, attorney fees,
surveys, closing costs, and
title insurance).
|
|
Fixed Rate Mortgage
|
A mortgage on which the
interest rate is set for the
term of the loan.
|
|
Fixed Rate Mortgages
|
Characteristics of a fixed
rate mortgage: A rate that
does not change during the
life of the loan. A
consistent payment. Less
risk because of payment
stability. |
|
Float Period |
The float period refers to
the time between when you
accept a loan and when you
lock-in your rate. During
this time the interest rate
and points on your loan will
fluctuate with the market
until you lock. |
|
Foreclosure |
A legal procedure in which
property securing debt is
sold by the lender to pay a
defaulting borrower's debt.
|
|
Freddie Mac |
Is a quasi-governmental
agency that purchases
conventional mortgages from
insured depository
institutions and
HUD-approved mortgage
bankers. Also Referred to as
Federal Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation. |
|
General Warranty Deed
|
A deed which conveys not
only all the grantor's
interests in and title to
the property to the grantee,
but also warrants that if
the title is defective or
has a "cloud" on it (such as
mortgage claims, tax liens,
title claims, judgments, or
mechanic's liens against it)
the grantee may hold the
grantor liable. |
|
Ginnie Mae |
Provides sources of funds
for residential mortgages,
insured or guaranteed by FHA
or VA.. Also referred to as
Government National Mortgage
Association. |
|
Government National Mortgage
Association (GNMA)
|
Also known as Ginnie Mae,
provides sources of funds
for residential mortgages,
insured or guaranteed by FHA
or VA.. |
|
Grace Period |
The amount of time after a
payment due date when no
interest is charged. You
will frequently see grace
periods of 20 to 30 days
offered by certain credit
card issuers. Credit card
grace periods only apply if
a cardholders previous
month's balance was paid in
full. |
|
Graduated Payment Mortgage
(GPM) |
A type of flexible-payment
mortgage where the payments
increase for a specified
period of time and then
level off. This type of
mortgage has negative
amortization built into it.
|
|
Grantee |
That party in the deed who
is the buyer or recipient.
|
|
Grantor |
That party in the deed who
is the seller or giver.
|
|
Gross Monthly Income
|
The total amount the
borrower earns per month,
before any expenses are
deducted. |
|
Gross Salary |
The total amount of salary
earned before taxes and
other deductions are made.
Different than net pay or
take home pay, which is the
amount of salary after taxes
and other deductions are
taken. Lenders look at your
gross and net pay to help
decide how much money to
lend you. |
|
Guarantee |
A promise by one party to
pay a debt or perform an
obligation contracted by
another if the original
party fails to pay or
perform according to a
contract. |
|
Home Equity Line of Credit
(HELOC) |
Secondary financing that
consists of a revolving line
of credit secured by a lien
junior to a mortgage.
|
|
Home Equity Loan
|
A loan in real estate
property that is used to
secure or guarantee the
amount borrowed. Sometimes
referred to as a second
mortgage or borrowing
against your home. The loan
allows you to tap into your
home's built-up equity,
which is the difference
between the amount your home
could be sold for, and any
claims held against it.
People often use a home
equity loan for home
improvements or to pay for a
new car. A home equity loan
is a good way to borrow
money for two main reasons.
First, the interest rate is
usually one of the lowest
loan rates a borrower can
get. Also, the interest you
pay on the loan is usually
tax-deductible. |
|
Home Value models
|
Standard used to derive data
from millions of
transactions; supported by
property values for hundreds
of counties in all 50
states. When you submit a
conventional/conforming
transaction, the service
automatically searches Home
ValueSM models to determine
if it can support the value
of the transaction, based on
the loan's overall risk
profile. |
|
Housing Expenses-to-Income
Ratio |
The ratio, expressed as a
percentage, which results
when a borrower's housing
expenses are divided by
his/her net effective income
(FHA/VA loans) or gross
monthly income (Conventional
loans). |
|
HUD |
U.S. Department of Housing
and Urban Development.
Office of Housing/Federal
Housing Administration
within HUD insures home
mortgage loans made by
lenders and sets minimum
standards for such homes.
|
|
Impound |
That portion of a borrower's
monthly payments held by the
lender or servicer to pay
for taxes, hazard insurance,
mortgage insurance, lease
payments, and other items as
they become due. Also known
as reserves. |
|
Index |
A published interest rate
against which lenders
measure the difference
between the current interest
rate on an adjustable rate
mortgage and that earned by
other investments (such as
one- three-, and five-year
U.S. Treasury Security
yields, the monthly average
interest rate on loans
closed by savings and loan
institutions, and the
monthly average
Costs-of-Funds incurred by
savings and loans), which is
then used to adjust the
interest rate on an
adjustable mortgage up or
down. |
|
In-File Credit Report
|
Information issued by one
credit repository that
contains an individual
credit history for you to
review in determining a loan
applicant's
creditworthiness.
|
|
Initial Interest Rate
|
The initial interest rate is
the rate you pay when you
first get your loan. On an
ARM, this rate may be for 5
years (5/1 ARM) or only a
month. |
|
Installment Debt
|
Liability that typically has
a fixed interest rate, fixed
term, and equal payments
amortized over a set number
of months, agreed upon by
the lender and the borrower
prior to disbursement.
|
|
Insurance |
A type of legal relationship
whereby individuals,
companies and other entities
concerned about the risk of
losses pay premiums to an
insurance company for
protection against potential
losses. Specific types of
insurance relevant to
vehicles include collision,
comprehensive, uninsured
motorist, underinsured
motorist, rental
reimbursement, and
vehicle-related accident
insurance. |
|
Insurance Premium
|
The amount you must pay at
specified intervals (e.g.
monthly or semi-annually) to
the insurance company to
guarantee coverage from
losses. The premium amount
is calculated using various
risk factors, which vary
according to the type of
insurance you are seeking.
|
|
Interest |
A charge paid for borrowing
money. Interest is usually
expressed as a percentage of
the amount borrowed or
interest rate. |
|
Interest Cost |
Interest cost shows how much
you will pay in interest
over the life of the loan,
assuming you keep the loan
for the entire period.
|
|
Interest Due |
Interest due is the portion
of the mortgage payment that
goes toward interest. When
you close on your home, you
will usually owe interest
for the time between your
closing date and when you
make your first payment.
|
|
Interest Rate |
The annual rate of interest
on the loan, expressed as a
percentage of 100.
|
|
Interest Rate Adjustment
Period |
The interest rate adjustment
period is how often your
rate is adjusted on an ARM
after the initial rate
period is over. For example,
a 5/1 ARM means you have an
initial rate period of 5
years that is fixed and then
after 5 years, your rate
changes every year.
|
|
Interest Rate Ceiling
|
The interest rate ceiling is
the highest interest rate
possible under an ARM. You
may hear this called the
lifetime cap and it based on
the number of percentage
points your rate can
increase from your initial
rate. |
|
Interest Rate Decrease Cap
|
An interest rate decrease
cap is the maximum allowable
decrease in your interest
rate (on an ARM) each time
your rate is adjusted. It is
usually 1 or 2 percentage
points. If rates go down 4%
your rate may only go down
2% due to the cap.
|
|
Interest Rate Floor
|
The rate floor is the lowest
interest rate possible under
an ARM loan. |
|
Interest Rate Increase Cap
|
The interest rate increase
cap is the maximum allowable
increase in your interest
rate (on an ARM) each time
your rate is adjusted. It is
usually 1 or 2 percentage
points. For example, if your
rate adjusts every year,
each year it cannot exceed
the stated cap. |
|
Interest Rate Index
|
The interest rate index is
the specific fund/security
that your interest rate on
an ARM is tied to. Common
indexes are Treasury
Constant Maturities or Cost
of Funds indices. All the
indices are published
regularly in readily
available sources.
|
|
Intro Period |
The timeframe in which a
special intro rate may be in
effect. After the intro
period ends, the interest
rate will usually increase.
|
|
Intro Rate |
Introductory rates are
usually set below normal
interest rates and may be
offered only for a short
period at the beginning of
the loan or credit line.
Lenders may use this special
rate to attract borrowers.
After a set timeframe, the
interest rate will usually
increase. |
|
Investor |
Money source for a lender.
|
|
Joint Account |
A credit account held by two
or more people so that all
can use the account and all
assume legal responsibility
to repay. |
|
Jumbo Loan |
A loan which is larger (more
than $322,700) than the
limits set by the Federal
National Mortgage
Association and the Federal
Home Loan Mortgage
Corporation. Because jumbo
loans cannot be funded by
these two agencies, they
usually carry a higher
interest rate. |
|
K |
|
|
Late Payment |
A payment made later than
agreed upon in a credit
contract and on which
additional charges may be
imposed. |
|
Lender |
Company that performs the
functions necessary to
complete a mortgage
transaction. Lenders include
approved sellers, mortgage
brokers, and third-party
originators (TPOs).
|
|
Lender Fees |
These are items payable in
connection with the loan and
contribute to the total
amount of the loan's closing
costs. These are the fees
that lenders charge to
process, approve and make
the mortgage loan. See
Closing Costs for more
information. |
|
Liability on an Account
|
Legal responsibility to
repay debt. |
|
Lien |
A claim upon a piece of
property for the payment or
satisfaction of a debt or
obligation. |
|
Liquid Assets |
Cash or assets that can be
immediately converted to
cash. |
|
Loan Amount |
The amount of debt not
including interest.
|
|
Loan Program |
Defines the scope of your
mortgage, including the type
of interest rate you have
and the mortgage term. For
example, your loan program
may be for 30 years with a
fixed rate or may be for 5
years with an adjustable
rate. |
|
Loan terms |
Different requirements of a
loan that determine the
borrower's and lender's
financial obligations.
Common terms are Annual
Percentage Rate (APR),
principal, and length of
loan. Usually, the better
the borrower's credit
history, the better the loan
terms. A good combination of
loan terms is simple
interest, a low APR and no
prepayment penalties.
|
|
Loan-To-Value Ratio
|
The relationship between the
amount of the mortgage loan
and the appraised value of
the property expressed as a
percentage. |
|
Lock-In |
A commitment you obtain from
a lender assuring you a
particular interest rate or
feature for a definite time
period. Provides protection
should interest rates rise
between the time you apply
for a loan, acquire loan
approval and close the loan
and receive the funds you
have borrowed. |
|
Lock Period |
A lock period refers to the
amount of time prior to
closing that you can secure
an interest rate for your
loan. Generally, lock
periods range from 30 days
to over 90 days. Generally,
the longer the lock period,
the more you pay in points
or interest. If your loan is
"lockable", your Lender will
identify the available lock
period. |
|
Lockable |
You can "lock in" the
current interest rate for a
set length of time, usually
30, 45 or 60 days. By
"locking in" a rate the
interest rate is locked and
if interest rates increase,
your "locked in" rate will
not change. To lock an
interest rate, you must
enter into a written
agreement with your Lender.
|
|
Margin |
The amount a lender adds to
the index on an adjustable
rate mortgage to establish
the adjusted interest rate.
|
|
Market Value |
The highest price that a
buyer would pay and the
lowest price a seller would
accept on a property. Market
value may be different from
the price a property could
actually be sold for at a
given time. |
|
Marketable Title
|
A title that is free and
clear of objectionable
liens, clouds, or other
title defects. A title which
enables an owner to sell his
property freely to others
and which others will accept
without objection.
|
|
Material Debt |
Liability that is
substantial. The debt
results from a recent
inquiry and could affect the
ratios used to make a
decision on the loan.
|
|
Maximum loan amount |
The greatest amount of money
that a borrower is qualified
to borrow. |
|
Maximum loan amount |
The greatest amount of money
that a borrower is qualified
to borrow. |
|
Merged Credit Reports |
Information issued by one
credit reporting company
that receives credit history
information from more than
one credit repository and
combines all of it into one
concise format. May be
individual or joint. |
|
Minimum Down Payment |
Minimum down payment is the
amount of money you are
required to put down at
closing. If the minimum is
10%, you must make a down
payment of at least $10,000
on a $100,000 house. |
|
Monthly Payment |
The amount paid each month
towards the principal and
interest amount of a loan.
The monthly payment may or
may not include taxes and
insurance. |
|
Monthly Payment (P&I) |
The monthly payment amount
shown includes only
principal and interest. When
comparing with other offers
please take this into
consideration. |
|
Mortgage |
A lien or claim against real
property given by the buyer
to the lender as security
for money borrowed. Under
government-insured or
loan-guarantee provisions,
the payments may include
escrow amounts covering
taxes, hazard insurance,
water charges, and special
assessments. Mortgages
generally run from 10 to 30
years, during which the loan
is to be paid off. |
|
Mortgage (Open-End) |
A mortgage with a provision
that permits borrowing
additional money in the
future without refinancing
the loan or paying
additional financing
charges. Open-end provisions
often limit such borrowing
to no more than would raise
the balance to the original
loan figure. |
|
Mortgage Broker |
A person or entity that
specializes in loan
originations, receiving a
commission to match
borrowers and lenders. The
Mortgage Broker performs
some or most of the loan
processing functions such as
taking loan applications,
ordering credit reports,
appraisals, and title
reports. Typically the
Mortgage Broker does not
underwrite the loan and
generally does not use its
own funds for closing. The
Mortgage is generally closed
in the name of the lender
who commissioned the
broker's services. A
Mortgage Broker will not
service the Mortgage. An
entity or individual engaged
to handle or perform, for a
Seller or correspondent,
part of the mortgage
application processing,
underwriting, funding or
post-closing functions, but
not any activities related
to obtaining an application
for a wholesale origination.
This entity is typically
paid on a fee basis for
services performed, with the
payment of fees not being
contingent on Mortgage
approval or closing. |
|
Mortgage Commitment |
A written notice from the
bank or other lending
institution saying it will
advance mortgage funds in a
specified amount to enable a
buyer to purchase a house. |
|
Mortgage Insurance |
Money paid to insure the
mortgage when the down
payment is less than 20
percent. |
|
Mortgage Insurance Premium |
The payment made by a
borrower to the lender for
transmittal to HUD to help
defray the cost of the FHA
mortgage insurance program
and to provide a reserve
fund to protect lenders
against loss in insured
mortgage transactions. In
FHA insured mortgages this
represents an annual rate of
one-half of one percent paid
by the mortgagor on a
monthly basis. |
|
Mortgage Note |
A written agreement to repay
a loan. The agreement is
secured by a mortgage,
serves as proof of an
indebtedness, and states the
manner in which it shall be
paid. The note states the
actual amount of the debt
that the mortgage secures
and renders the mortgagor
personally responsible for
repayment. |
|
Mortgagee |
The lender. |
|
Mortgagor |
The borrower or homeowner. |
|
Multiple Listing Service
(MLS) |
A computer database that
compiles information on
houses listed for sale in a
particular area by
participating real estate
agents. It is maintained and
accessed by agents who use
the listings to match their
clients' needs with property
descriptions on the
database. |
|
Negative Amortization |
Occurs when your monthly
payments are not large
enough to pay all the
interest due on the loan.
This unpaid interest is
added to the unpaid balance
of the loan. The danger of
negative amortization is
that the buyer ends up owing
more than the original
amount of the loan. |
|
Net Effective Income |
The borrower's gross income
minus federal income tax. |
|
Net Pay |
The amount of salary left or
clear after taxes and other
deductions are taken.
Different than gross pay,
which is the amount of
salary earned before income
is taxed and other
deductions are taken.
Lenders look at your gross
and net pay to help decide
how much money to lend you. |
|
No-Doc Mortgage |
A no-documentation or
"no-doc" mortgage is a
product that certain lenders
offer to borrowers which
generally requires a down
payment of at least 5% to
30% or more of the home
purchase price or who
generally have at least 25%
equity in their home. Loan
programs featuring lower
down payments (5-24%) are
also available to borrowers
with excellent credit.
No-doc mortgages are
generally a wise choice for
self-employed people, those
who do not wish to verify
their income, and those with
a brief or blemished credit
history, or no credit. The
benefits of a no-doc
mortgage include a shorter
application process since
you are not required to
provide income, employment
or asset documentation, as
well as a streamlined
approval process through the
lender because there is
little subsequent
verification. However, no
doc mortgages generally will
be at slightly higher
interest rates and are
offered by fewer lenders. |
|
Non-Assumption Clause |
A statement in a mortgage
contract forbidding the
assumption of the mortgage
without the prior approval
of the lender. |
|
Non-Conforming Loan |
A conventional home mortgage
that does not meet the
criteria of Fannie Mae or
Freddie Mac for various
reasons including loan
amount, loan characteristics
or underwriting guidelines.
Non-Conforming loans usually
incur a higher rate and/or
points. |
|
Open-End Credit |
A line of credit that may be
used over and over again,
including credit cards,
overdraft credit accounts,
and home equity lines. |
|
Origination Fee |
A fee commonly charged by a
lender for processing a loan
application. The origination
fee may be presented in the
form of points or a dollar
amount. Each point is equal
to 1 percent of the loan
amount (e.g. two points on a
$100,000 mortgage would cost
$2,000). |
|
Piggyback Loan |
An alternative to private
mortgage insurance, also
known as a second trust
loan. The most common type
is an 80/10/10 where a first
mortgage is taken out for
80% of the homes value, a
down payment of 10% is made
and another 10% is financed
in a second trust at a
higher interest rate. In
some cases, you may even
qualify for a piggyback loan
with as little as a 5% down
payment. |
|
PITI |
Principal, interest, taxes,
and insurance. Also called
monthly housing expense. |
|
Plat |
A map or chart of a lot,
subdivision or community
drawn by a surveyor showing
boundary lines, buildings,
improvements on the land,
and easements. |
|
Points |
Additional points you can
pay a lender to lower the
interest rate on your loan
at closing. Each point is
equal to 1 percent of the
loan amount (e.g. two points
on a $100,000 mortgage would
cost $2,000). Also referred
to as Discount Points.
Points may include discount
points and/or origination
fee. |
|
Power of Attorney |
A legal document authorizing
one person to act on behalf
of another. |
|
Pre-paid Items |
Pre-paid items are amounts
that are required by the
Lender to be paid in advance
of their due date at
settlement. You may be
required to prepay certain
items at the time of
settlement, such as accrued
interest, mortgage insurance
premiums and hazard
insurance premiums. Pre-paid
items contribute to the
total amount of the loan's
closing costs. See Closing
Costs for more information.
Note: You will only see
per-diem interest under this
category on our site. For
some lenders you will see
insurance premiums under
this category also; we have
categorized our insurance
premiums under the Escrow
Deposits. |
|
Prepaids |
Expenses necessary to create
an escrow account or to
adjust the seller's existing
escrow account. Can include
taxes, hazard insurance,
private mortgage insurance
and special assessments. |
|
Prepayment |
A privilege in a mortgage
permitting the borrower to
make payments in advance of
their due date. |
|
Prepayment Premium |
Money charged for an early
repayment of debt.
Prepayment premiums are
allowed in some form (but
not necessarily imposed) in
36 states and the District
of Columbia. |
|
Prime Rate |
The interest rate charged by
lenders to their best, most
creditworthy customers. A
less credit worthy customer
may be offered a loan at the
prime rate plus anywhere
from 2 to 10 percent.
Borrowing at below-prime
also occurs, but is less
common and usually applies
to businesses, not
individual consumers. The
Federal Reserve determines
whether to lower or raise
the prime rate based on a
variety of economic factors.
Many consumer loans, such as
auto, home equity, mortgage
and credit card loans are
based upon the prime rate.
Building and maintaining a
good credit history are two
of the most important
qualifications for
prime-rate borrowing. |
|
Principal |
The amount of debt, not
counting interest, left on a
loan. |
|
Private Mortgage Insurance
(PMI) |
In the event that you do not
have a 20 percent down
payments, lenders will allow
a smaller down payment-as
low as 5 percent in some
cases. With the smaller down
payments loans, however,
borrowers are usually
required to carry private
mortgage insurance. Private
mortgage insurance will
require an initial premium
payment of 1.0 percent to
5.0 percent of your mortgage
amount and may require an
additional monthly fee
depending on your loan's
structure. On a $75,000
house with a 10 percent down
payments, this would mean
either an initial premium
payment of $2,025 to $3,375,
or an initial premium of
$675 to $1,130 combined with
a monthly payment of $25 to
$30. |
|
Processing |
Processing are the steps a
lender takes with your loan
application to gather your
information for
underwriting. Processing
involves building your file
of information for your
loan. Processing includes
getting the credit report,
appraisal, verification of
employment, assets, etc. |
|
Q-form |
A Q-form is series of
questions that you complete
in order to request a loan.
What does the Q stand for?
You choose - quality, quick,
qualification,
questionnaire. |
|
Qualification |
Qualification is the initial
process to see if you have
enough cash and sufficient
income to meet the
requirements of the lender
for a loan you want.
Qualification is not an
approval because it does not
include your credit history.
Qualified borrowers can be
turned down if they have
poor credit history. |
|
Qualification Ratios |
Qualification ratios are set
by the lender that state
your housing expense to
income, and housing expense
plus other debts to income,
cannot exceed a specified
number. Many lenders use a
28% housing expense to
income and a 36% housing
expense plus debts to
income. Other ratios may be
how much you put down on a
home. |
|
Quitclaim Deed |
A deed which transfers
whatever interest the maker
of the deed may have in the
particular parcel of land. A
quitclaim deed is often
given to clear the title
when the grantor's interest
in a property is
questionable. By accepting
such a deed the buyer
assumes all the risks. Such
a deed makes no warranties
as to the title, but simply
transfers to the buyer
whatever interest the
grantor has. |
|
Rate |
In lending, the amount of
interest on the loan
expressed as an interest
rate or annual percentage
rate (APR) of the principal. |
|
Rate Cap Insurance |
Rate cap insurance limits
how much the interest rate
can increase during the
float period (usually no
more than .5%). For example,
if you get the insurance
when the rate is 7.5%, you
will be guaranteed that the
rate will not go above 8%.
This protects you from
uncertainty in the market
and rising rates. With the
insurance you will be told
that you can lock-in a rate,
usually within 60 days of
closing. You can also lock
if the rate goes lower. |
|
Rate/Point Options |
These options are all the
combinations of interest
rate and points that are
offered on a particular
loan. Usually you will find
that paying more points
lowers interest rates. |
|
Real Estate Broker |
A middle man or agent who
buys and sells real estate
for a company, firm, or
individual on a commission
basis. The broker does not
have title to the property,
but generally represents the
owner. |
|
Real Estate Settlement
Procedures Act (RESPA) |
RESPA is a federal law that
allows consumers to review
information on known or
estimated settlement costs
once after application and
once prior to or at
settlement. The law requires
lenders to furnish
information after
application only. |
|
REALTOR ender for recording
a home sale with the local
authorities, thereby making
it part of the public
records. |
|
Refinancing |
The process of the same
mortgagor paying off one
loan with the proceeds from
another loan. |
|
Renegotiable Rate Mortgage (RRM) |
A loan in which the interest
rate is adjusted
periodically. Sometimes
referred to as Adjustable
Rate Mortgage. |
|
Required Cash |
Required cash is the total
cash required for you to
close the loan. This cash
goes towards down payment,
points, and other charges
paid to the lender. It also
goes towards up-front
charges for things like
mortgage insurance and other
settlement charges
associated with the
transaction such as title
insurance, taxes, etc. Your
good faith estimate will
show how much cash you need
for closing. |
|
Reserves |
Verified liquid assets
remaining after the borrower
pays down payment and
closing costs. |
|
Residential Mortgage Credit
Report (RMCR) |
Detailed account of the
credit, employment, and
residence history, as well
as public-record
information, concerning an
individual. |
|
Restrictive Covenants |
Private restrictions
limiting the use of real
property. Restrictive
covenants are created by
deed and may "run with the
land," binding all
subsequent purchasers of the
land, or may be "personal"
and binding only between the
original seller and buyer.
The determination whether a
covenant runs with the land
or is personal is governed
by the language of the
covenant, the intent of the
parties, and the law in the
State where the land is
situated. Restrictive
covenants that run with the
land are encumbrances and
may affect the value and
marketability of title.
Restrictive covenants may
limit the density of
buildings per acre, regulate
size, style or price range
of buildings to be erected,
or prevent particular
businesses from operating or
minority groups from owning
or occupying homes in a
given area. (This latter
discriminatory covenant is
unconstitutional and has
been declared unenforceable
by the U.S. Supreme Court). |
|
Reverse Annuity Mortgage
(RAM) |
A form of mortgage in which
the lender makes periodic
payments to the borrower
using the borrower's equity
in the home as security. |
|
Risk Grade |
Assessment of a loan's
relative risk with respect
to its probability of
default. Risk Grade
Evaluation quantifies the
risk by assigning a grade
from RG1 (highest quality)
to RG7 (lowest quality). |
|
Second Home |
One-unit property owned by
an individual, occupied by
the borrower for some
portion of the year, and not
subject to any timesharing
ownership arrangement. The
property must be in a
location where it can
function reasonably as a
second home. |
|
Second Trust Loan |
An alternative to private
mortgage insurance, also
known as a piggyback loan.
The most common type is an
80/10/10 where a first
mortgage is taken out for
80% of the homes value, a
down payment of 10% is made
and another 10% is financed
in a second trust at a
higher interest rate. In
some cases, you may even
qualify for a second trust
loan with as little as a 5%
down payment. |
|
Secured Debt |
Money borrowed that is
guaranteed (or secured) by
the borrower's funds and
held by the lender in an
interest-bearing account.
Typically required when a
borrower is without credit
or has poor credit. The
lender usually returns the
secured money plus a nominal
rate of earned interest to
the borrower with a certain
period of time if a good
credit history is
established. Distinguished
from unsecured debt. |
|
Security |
Property pledged to the
creditor in case of a
default on a loan; also
referred to as collateral. |
|
Security Interest |
The creditor's right to take
property or a portion of
property offered as
security. |
|
Self-Employed Borrower |
Applicant who owns 25
percent or more interest in
a business. |
|
Service Charge |
A component of some finance
charges, such as the fee for
triggering an overdraft
checking account into use. |
|
Servicing |
All the steps and operations
a lender perform to keep a
loan in good standing, such
as collection of payments,
payment of taxes, insurance,
property inspections and the
like. |
|
Settlement |
The meeting between the
buyer, seller and lender
where the property and funds
legally change hands. Also
referred to as Closing. |
|
Settlement Costs |
Includes a loan origination
fee, points, appraisal fee,
title search and insurance,
survey, taxes, deed
recording fee, credit report
charge and other costs
assessed at settlement. The
closing costs usually are
about 2 percent to 6 percent
of the mortgage amount. |
|
Shared Appreciation Mortgage
(SAM) |
A mortgage in which a
borrower receives a
below-market interest rate
in return for which a lender
(or another investor such as
a family member or other
partner) receives a portion
of the future appreciation
in the value of the
property. May also apply to
mortgages where the borrower
shares the monthly principal
and interest payments with
another party in exchange
for a part of the
appreciation. |
|
Simple Interest |
Interest that is paid on the
principal amount borrowed.
Considered the best interest
term for a borrower because
it is not compounded. |
|
Special Assessments |
A special tax imposed on
property, individual lots or
all property in the
immediate area, for road
construction, sidewalks,
sewers, streetlights, etc. |
|
Special Lien |
A lien that binds a
specified piece of property,
unlike a general lien, which
is levied against all one's
assets. It creates a right
to retain something of value
belonging to another person
as compensation for labor,
material, or money expended
in that person's behalf. In
some localities it is called
"particular" lien or
"specific" lien. Also see
lien. |
|
Special Warranty Deed |
A deed in which the grantor
conveys title to the grantee
and agrees to protect the
grantee against title
defects or claims asserted
by the grantor and those
persons whose right to
assert a claim against the
title arose during the
period the grantor held
title to the property. In a
special warranty deed the
grantor guarantees to the
grantee that he has done
nothing during the time he
held title to the property
which has, or which might in
the future, impair the
grantee's title. |
|
Survey |
A measurement of land,
prepared by a registered
land surveyor, showing the
location of the land with
reference to known points,
its dimensions, and the
location and dimensions of
any building. |
|
Tax |
As applied to real estate,
an enforced charge imposed
on persons, property or
income, to be used to
support the State. The
governing body in turn
utilizes the funds in the
best interest of the general
public. |
|
Tax Assessed Value |
The Tax Assessed Value (TAV)
is the dollar amount
assigned to your property
for the purposes of
taxation. The TAV is not
necessarily the market value
of your home, but the TAV
will take into consideration
your home's market value, as
well other factors,
including your property's
tax class, maintenance
costs, home improvements,
etc. The TAV is established
by the county's tax assessor
who utilizes features such
as sales prices from
surrounding properties,
location, condition and age
of the property to determine
the TAV. |
|
Term |
The period of time between
the beginning loan date on
the legal documents and the
date the entire balance of
the loan is due. |
|
Term Mortgage |
Usually a short-term
fixed-rate loan which
involves small payments for
a certain period of time and
one large payment for the
remaining amount of the
principal at a specific
time. Also known as Balloon
Payment Mortgage. |
|
Third Party Fees |
These are fees charged by
vendors to perform services
related to your loan, such
as title search, mortgage
recording and settlement.
Third party fees contribute
to the total amount of the
loan's closing costs. See
Closing Costs for more
information. |
|
Title |
A document that gives
evidence of an individual's
ownership of property. |
|
Title Insurance |
A policy, usually issued by
a Title Insurance company,
which insures a homebuyer
against errors in the title
search. The cost of the
policy is usually a function
of the value of the
property, and is often borne
by the purchaser and/or
seller. |
|
Title Search |
An examination of municipal
records to determine the
legal ownership of property.
Usually is performed by a
title company. |
|
Treasury Index |
These ARMs are indexed to
treasury bills or
securities. Depending on the
ARM, the rate will adjust
every 6 months, every year,
or every 3 years. |
|
Trustee |
A party who is given legal
responsibility to hold
property in the best
interest of or "for the
benefit of" another. The
trustee is one placed in a
position of responsibility
for another, a
responsibility enforceable
in a court of law. |
|
Truth-in-Lending |
A federal law requiring
disclosure of the Annual
Percentage Rate to
homebuyers shortly after
they apply for the loan. |
|
Two-Step Mortgage |
A mortgage in which the
borrower receives a
below-market interest rate
for a specified number of
years (most often seven or
10 years), and then receives
a new interest rate adjusted
(within certain limits) to
market conditions at that
time. The lender sometimes
has the option to call the
loan, due within 30 days
notice at the end of seven
or 10 years. Also called
"Super Seven" or "Premier"
mortgage. |
|
Underwriting |
The analysis of the risk
involved in making a
mortgage loan to determine
whether the risk is
acceptable to the lender.
Underwriting involves the
evaluation of the property
as outlined in the appraisal
report, and of the
borrower's ability and
willingness to repay the
loan. |
|
VA Loan |
Mortgage loan made by an
approved lender and
guaranteed by the Department
of Veterans Affairs. VA
loans are made eligible to
veterans and those currently
serving in the military, and
can have lower down payment
than other types of loans. |
|
VA Mortgage Funding Fee |
A premium of up to 2 percent
(depending on the size of
the down payment) paid on a
VA-backed loan. On a $75,000
30-year fixed-rate mortgage
with no down payment, this
would amount to $1,406
either paid at closing or
added to the amount
financed. |
|
Variable Rate Mortgage (VRM) |
See Adjustable Rate
Mortgage. |
|
Verification of Deposit (VOD) |
A document signed by the
borrower's financial
institution verifying the
status and balance of
his/her financial accounts. |
|
Verification of Employment |
A document signed by the
borrower's employer
verifying his/her position
and salary. |
|
Waiver |
Relaxing a requirement
pertaining to the
eligibility of a loan.
Waivers may include
permitting less
documentation than would
otherwise be required. |
|
Wholesaler |
A wholesaler is a lender
that provides loans to
borrowers through mortgage
brokers or correspondents.
The mortgage broker or
correspondent works with you
and gets your application. |
|
Wraparound |
Results when an existing
assumable loan is combined
with a new loan, resulting
in an interest rate
somewhere between the old
rate and the current market
rate. The payments are made
to a second lender or the
previous homeowner, who then
forwards the payments to the
first lender after taking
the additional amount off
the top. |
|
X |
|
|
Y |
|
|
Zoning Ordinances |
The acts of an authorized
local government
establishing building codes,
and setting forth
regulations for property
land usage. |